In coastal areas the planting has to cope with extremes such as high winds, burning sun, salty air and sometimes even salt or brackish water (groundwater). In the dune strip the soil contains few or no nutrients, and the salt takes moisture away from the roots and leaves of the trees and plants. Nevertheless, there are enough varieties which flourish as coastal planting. An advantage of the coastal climate is that the winters are often less severe, which means that varieties which would freeze inland can be used.

Groundwater in coastal areas has a high salt content. This causes a high osmotic value, and as a result of this many varieties of trees may take up too little moisture and will slowly dry out. Varieties which are resistant to these conditions are often more resilient with regard to stressful conditions such as cold, heat and drought.

If you have a project in a coastal area, take into account the zone where the project is located. In the first area from the coastline to the first buildings, there is a deficit of water and nutrients. Also there are salt and sand deposits which make it difficult or impossible for plants to take root and survive. Planting which can be used in this area are pioneer species such as marram grass (Ammophila arenaria), seaberry (Hippophae rhamnoides) and white poplar (Populus alba). You can also use, for example, semi-permanent positions for trees, such as trees in containers or the ‘boomveer’ (innovative structure in which tree is suspended) of The Urban Jungle Project. Here it is very important to choose a range which is resistant to salty sea winds.

From the first buildings or forest edge/break, the living conditions for plants gradually improve and you have more possibilities regarding choice of ranges. Nevertheless, it is important to opt for tolerant shrubs and bushes. There are several varieties of trees which can be used with a few measures as regards layout the location.

The areas which are situated 3 or more kilometres from the coast are less affected by the limiting factors of the coastal area. Locations in this area have access to groundwater and so a wider range can be used. However, salty sea winds continue to have an affect up to 30 to 40 kilometres inland, and you must take this into account on roof gardens and in higher areas. You can contact our plant advisers for more advice on planting in each zone.

Projects in coastal areas present an inspiring challenge. However, the wide variety of Mediterranean coastal plants offers every opportunity to make a project a success. Garden and landscape architect Dominique Eeman specialises in coastal flora and, in his designs, is always looking for the ‘bare foot’ feeling.  Click here to find out where he gets his inspiration.