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Phellodendron amurense

Phellodendron amurense

Amur Cork tree

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Description

Phellodendron amurense (Amur cork tree) naturally occurs in the Amur valley, on the border between North-East China and Russia. There, the tree grows in forests, along with trees including Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus mandshurica and Maackia amurensis. The Amur cork tree was discovered by the Russian botanist Friedrich Schmidt in 1845 and described by the German doctor and botanist Franz Joseph Ruprecht in 1853. The species forms an impressive but elegant, wide vase-shaped crown which is about 12 metres long and at least as wide. Its natural growth habit is multi-stem or low-branched with heavy main branches on a short stem. The Amur cork tree grows quite quickly at a young age. 

In May, Phellodendron amurense blooms standing, hairy, yellow-green panicles. After blooming, racemes of stonefruits appear that go from green to black, which stay on the tree almost all winter long. The leaves are compound and irregular pinnate, glossy dark green with a more blue-green underside. The leaves turn bright yellow in autumn, but they do fall off the tree quite quickly. Bark, fruits and leaves are scented with contusion, and smell of turpentine. The name of the species Phellodendron comes from the Greek Phellos, meaning cork, and the word Dendron, meaning tree. That refers to the spectacular cork-like, light brown bark the trunk and heavy main branches are covered with. The dried, ground raw bark is one of the fifty basic ingredients in Chinese medicine.

Phellodendron amurense has no diseases, is very winterhardy and tolerates draught very well. The species does require quite nutrient-rich soil in a sheltered area. The Amur cork tree does not like wind. It cannot handle pavement either. With its width, Phellodendron amurense is best used in parks and large gardens. In younger trees, the branches can freeze, which is why it is safer to plant larger trees.

Types of planting

Tree types

standard trees multi-stemmed trees shade trees

Topiary on stem

fval multi-stem umbrella

Use

Location

park central reservation large garden traffic areas, industrial zones

Pavement

none none

Planting concepts

prairie planting

Characteristics

Crown shape

flattened spherical flattened spherical

Crown structure

semi-open semi-open

Height

10 - 12 m

Width

10 - 12 m

Winter hardiness zone

5A - 8B

Aspects

Wind

slightly tolerant to wind

Soil

loess sabulous clay light clay sand loamy soil

Nutrient level

moderately rich in nutrients rich in nutrients

Soil moisture level

dry moist

Light requirements

sun

pH range

acidic neutral alkaline

Host plant/forage plant

bees nectar value 3 pollen value 0

Extreme environments

tolerant to dryness tolerates air pollution

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Photos

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high-stem standard tree
Phellodendron amurense standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Phellodendron amurense standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Phellodendron amurense standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Phellodendron amurense standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Phellodendron amurense standard tree
characteristic characteristic
Phellodendron amurense characteristic
multi-stem-umbrella multi-stem umbrella
Phellodendron amurense multi-stem umbrella
multi-stem-umbrella multi-stem umbrella
Phellodendron amurense multi-stem umbrella
multi-stem-umbrella multi-stem umbrella
Phellodendron amurense multi-stem umbrella
multi-stem-umbrella multi-stem umbrella
Phellodendron amurense multi-stem umbrella
flowers flowers
Phellodendron amurense flowers
flowers flowers
Phellodendron amurense flowers
leaves leaves
Phellodendron amurense leaves
leaves leaves
Phellodendron amurense leaves
leaves leaves
Phellodendron amurense leaves
leaves leaves
Phellodendron amurense leaves
leaves leaves
Phellodendron amurense leaves
fruits fruits
Phellodendron amurense fruits
fruits fruits
Phellodendron amurense fruits
fruits fruits
Phellodendron amurense fruits
fruits fruits
Phellodendron amurense fruits
fruits fruits
Phellodendron amurense fruits
fruits fruits
Phellodendron amurense fruits
fruits fruits
Phellodendron amurense fruits
bark bark
Phellodendron amurense bark
bark bark
Phellodendron amurense bark
bark bark
Phellodendron amurense bark
bark bark
Phellodendron amurense bark
bark bark
Phellodendron amurense bark
twigs twigs
Phellodendron amurense twigs
twigs twigs
Phellodendron amurense twigs
twigs twigs
Phellodendron amurense twigs
twigs twigs
Phellodendron amurense twigs

Seasonal colours

Phellodendron amurense seizoenskleur
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Flowers

Flowers

discrete

Flower colour

yellow-green

Flowering period

May

Leaves

Leaf colour

green

Leaves

deciduous ovoid pinnate

Autumn colour

yellow

Fruits

Fruit colour

black

Fruits

discrete berry

Bark

Bark colour

grey-brown

Bark

deeply furrowed corky

Twigs

Twig colour

yellow brown

Twigs

bare

For and by green professionals

The TreeEbb is a platform for and by green professionals, in which we collect knowledge and experience from the sector and make this available for users. All the details and photos are free to use for non-commercial purposes. Want to share your tree knowledge? Send photographs and additional information to treeebb@ebben.nl

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Winter hardiness zone
OK
Coastal area
OK
Use
Location
OK
Pavement
OK
Host plant/forage plant
OK
Planting concepts
OK
Types of planting
Tree types
OK
Multi-stemmed trees
OK
Crown structure
OK
Crown shape
OK
Topiary on stem
OK
Topiary
OK
Height
m
-
m
OK
Width
m
-
m
OK
Aspects
Wind
OK
Soil
OK
Nutrient level
OK
Soil moisture level
OK
Light requirements
OK
PH range
OK
Extreme environments
OK
Stage of succession
OK
Plant characteristics
Flowering period
January
-
December
OK
Flower colour
OK
Leaf colour
OK
Autumn colour
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Winter hardiness

A plant's winter hardiness is the coldest area in which it is frost-resistant. This is based on the average annual minimum temperature. Winter hardiness zones are thirteen different frost zones in steps of 5.5 degrees Celsius. This format is an international standard for the hardiness of plants. The zones in which the plant is frost-resistant are always included in the description of trees and other vegetation.

Winter hardiness is a genetic characteristic and is not influenced by the location in which the plant is cultivated. This means that a plant that has been cultivated for many years in winter-hardiness zone 6 but has a winter hardiness of 3 is perfectly suited for replanting in a colder zone. It will thrive there thanks to its genetic characteristics.

When choosing planting for a project, the winter hardiness of the plants is extremely important. By choosing species that match the zone in which the project is being created, it is possible to ensure that plants can withstand the minimum temperature in that area.

Winter hardiness map
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