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Picea orientalis

Picea orientalis

Oriental spruce, Caucasian spruce

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Description

Picea orientalis (Caucasian/Oriental spruce) is a very large, evergreen conifer with a beautiful pyramidal growth habit. Picea orientalis was first described by German botanist Johann Heinrich Link in 1844. Caucasian spruce is found in rocky habitats in the Caucasus and North-Eastern Turkey, in mixed forests with Fagus orientalis, Abies nordmanniana, Sorbus aucuparia and Rhododendron ponticum. As a large tree it can reach a height of around 30-60 metres. In its native range, it is planted as a timber tree although it grows more slowly than Picea abies. It is also used to make paper or sold as a Christmas tree.

The needles of Picea orientalis are very short, dark green and have a fine structure. It has pendulous branches that turn upwards. The decorative drooping cones are slender, cylindrical and purple when young before changing to light brown. The seeds are small and distributed by the wind or birds. It is a single-stem tree with coarse, grey-brown bark that peels in small platelets.

Picea orientalis is a lovely tree suitable for larger gardens and parks. It grows on many different soils but best on acidic and neutral soils with good drainage. It is a slow-growing tree that grows better in cool, damp sites but can also grow in areas that are dry and with low humidity. It likes a lot of summer sun and heat. Caucasian spruce is fully hardy and can withstand cold winters and dry summers but it will develop more slowly in these sites. It is a very ornamental tree that can be used individually or as a background tree in combination with other deciduous trees and shrubs.

Types of planting

Tree types

standard trees feathered trees conifers

Use

Location

park central reservation large garden

Pavement

none none

Planting concepts

shade-tolerant prairie planting

Characteristics

Crown shape

narrow pyramidal narrow pyramidal

Crown structure

dense dense

Height

20 - 30 m

Width

6 - 8 m

Winter hardiness zone

5B - 8B

Aspects

Wind

intolerant to wind

Soil

loess sabulous clay light clay sand loamy soil

Nutrient level

low in nutrients moderately rich in nutrients

Soil moisture level

dry moist

Light requirements

sun partial shade shade

pH range

acidic neutral alkaline

Host plant/forage plant

birds owls small mammals

Extreme environments

tolerant to dryness

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Photos

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feathered feathered
Picea orientalis feathered
leaves leaves
Picea orientalis leaves
leaves leaves
Picea orientalis leaves
fruits fruits
Picea orientalis fruits

Flowers

Flowers

discrete

Flower colour

red

Flowering period

May

Leaves

Leaf colour

dark green

Leaves

evergreen needles or scales short needles

Fruits

Fruit colour

brown

Fruits

discrete cones

Bark

Bark colour

dark brown

Bark

smooth, later on rough

Twigs

Twig colour

brown

Twigs

bare

For and by green professionals

The TreeEbb is a platform for and by green professionals, in which we collect knowledge and experience from the sector and make this available for users. All the details and photos are free to use for non-commercial purposes. Want to share your tree knowledge? Send photographs and additional information to treeebb@ebben.nl

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Winter hardiness

A plant's winter hardiness is the coldest area in which it is frost-resistant. This is based on the average annual minimum temperature. Winter hardiness zones are thirteen different frost zones in steps of 5.5 degrees Celsius. This format is an international standard for the hardiness of plants. The zones in which the plant is frost-resistant are always included in the description of trees and other vegetation.

Winter hardiness is a genetic characteristic and is not influenced by the location in which the plant is cultivated. This means that a plant that has been cultivated for many years in winter-hardiness zone 6 but has a winter hardiness of 3 is perfectly suited for replanting in a colder zone. It will thrive there thanks to its genetic characteristics.

When choosing planting for a project, the winter hardiness of the plants is extremely important. By choosing species that match the zone in which the project is being created, it is possible to ensure that plants can withstand the minimum temperature in that area.

Winter hardiness map
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British Asssociation of Landscape Industries

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F +31 (0)485 31 38 88
E info@ebben.nl

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