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Pterocarya fraxinifolia

Pterocarya fraxinifolia

Caucasian wingnut, Caucasian walnut

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Description

Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Caucasian wingnut) is a deciduous tree in the walnut family (Juglandaceae) and a so-called relict tree. It is native to the mountain forests of the Caucasus, Armenia and Northern Iran, in particular on wet soils and in riverbeds, together with Alnus glutinosa, Diospyros Lotus and Zelkova carpinifolia. It was introduced in France in 1782 by French botanist André Michaux where it was planted at Trianon near Versailles and the Jardin des Plantes in Paris. The Caucasian wingnut often develops as a multi-stem or has a short stem and low-branched with thick side shoots and a dense crown. It makes a very imposing tree with a round crown twenty to thirty metres tall and approximately the same wide. 

The Caucasian wingnut forms striking, yellow-green clusters, sometimes half a metre in length which hang on the tree like strings of pearls, of yellow-green round fruits with two wings (hence the name wingnut). They appear after the elegant yellow-green catkins which are not especially remarkable. The scientific species name fraxinifolia refers to the large, unevenly pinnate leaf that resembles that of the ash (Fraxinus). The fresh green foliage emerges in the spring, changes to a deep dark green in summer and finishes off a delightful mellow yellow colour in the autumn. The deeply furrowed, reticulate bark of older trees is dark grey. As Pterocarya fraxinifolia matures, corky fissures appear on the stem and branches. 

The Caucasian wingnut is a healthy, imposing and ornamental park and avenue tree that can grow extremely fast once established and produces a lot of suckers. Because of its size, it is primarily suited as a solitary ornamental or climbing tree in large gardens and parks. It tolerates high water levels and is very resistant to air pollution and an urban environment. Pterocarya fraxinifolia prefers nutrient-rich, moist and mineral soils but tolerates many kinds of soils and pH values with its healthy root system.

Types of planting

Tree types

standard trees multi-stemmed trees trees for climbing shade trees

Use

Location

avenue park large garden cemetery bioswale

Pavement

none none

Characteristics

Crown shape

wide oval wide oval

Crown structure

dense dense

Height

12 - 15 m

Width

14 - 20 m

Winter hardiness zone

5A - 8B

Aspects

Wind

tolerant to wind

Soil

loess sabulous clay peaty light clay sand loamy soil

Nutrient level

rich in nutrients

Soil moisture level

moist wet

Light requirements

sun

pH range

acidic neutral alkaline

Extreme environments

tolerant to short-term flooding

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Photos

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high-stem standard tree
Pterocarya fraxinifolia standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Pterocarya fraxinifolia standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Pterocarya fraxinifolia standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Pterocarya fraxinifolia standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Pterocarya fraxinifolia standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Pterocarya fraxinifolia standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Pterocarya fraxinifolia standard tree
feathered feathered
Pterocarya fraxinifolia feathered
feathered feathered
Pterocarya fraxinifolia feathered
multi-stem multi-stem
Pterocarya fraxinifolia multi-stem
multi-stem multi-stem
Pterocarya fraxinifolia multi-stem
multi-stem multi-stem
Pterocarya fraxinifolia multi-stem
multi-stem multi-stem
Pterocarya fraxinifolia multi-stem
multi-stem multi-stem
Pterocarya fraxinifolia multi-stem
multi-stem multi-stem
Pterocarya fraxinifolia multi-stem
multi-stem multi-stem
Pterocarya fraxinifolia multi-stem
multi-stem multi-stem
Pterocarya fraxinifolia multi-stem
multi-stem multi-stem
Pterocarya fraxinifolia multi-stem
climbing-tree climbing tree
Pterocarya fraxinifolia climbing tree
climbing-tree climbing tree
Pterocarya fraxinifolia climbing tree
climbing-tree climbing tree
Pterocarya fraxinifolia climbing tree
climbing-tree climbing tree
Pterocarya fraxinifolia climbing tree
characteristic characteristic
Pterocarya fraxinifolia characteristic
leaves leaves
Pterocarya fraxinifolia leaves
leaves leaves
Pterocarya fraxinifolia leaves
leaves leaves
Pterocarya fraxinifolia leaves
leaves leaves
Pterocarya fraxinifolia leaves
leaves leaves
Pterocarya fraxinifolia leaves
autumn-leaves autumn leaves
Pterocarya fraxinifolia autumn leaves
fruits fruits
Pterocarya fraxinifolia fruits
fruits fruits
Pterocarya fraxinifolia fruits
bark bark
Pterocarya fraxinifolia bark
bark bark
Pterocarya fraxinifolia bark
bark bark
Pterocarya fraxinifolia bark
bark bark
Pterocarya fraxinifolia bark
twigs twigs
Pterocarya fraxinifolia twigs
twigs twigs
Pterocarya fraxinifolia twigs
twigs twigs
Pterocarya fraxinifolia twigs
twigs twigs
Pterocarya fraxinifolia twigs
twigs twigs
Pterocarya fraxinifolia twigs

Seasonal colours

Pterocarya fraxinifolia seizoenskleur
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Flowers

Flowers

catkins

Flower colour

green

Flowering period

April - May

Leaves

Leaf colour

green

Leaves

deciduous big pinnate

Autumn colour

yellow

Fruits

Fruit colour

brown-green

Fruits

striking winged large catkins

Bark

Bark colour

grey

Bark

furrowed

Twigs

Twig colour

brown-green

Twigs

bare

For and by green professionals

The TreeEbb is a platform for and by green professionals, in which we collect knowledge and experience from the sector and make this available for users. All the details and photos are free to use for non-commercial purposes. Want to share your tree knowledge? Send photographs and additional information to treeebb@ebben.nl

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Winter hardiness

A plant's winter hardiness is the coldest area in which it is frost-resistant. This is based on the average annual minimum temperature. Winter hardiness zones are thirteen different frost zones in steps of 5.5 degrees Celsius. This format is an international standard for the hardiness of plants. The zones in which the plant is frost-resistant are always included in the description of trees and other vegetation.

Winter hardiness is a genetic characteristic and is not influenced by the location in which the plant is cultivated. This means that a plant that has been cultivated for many years in winter-hardiness zone 6 but has a winter hardiness of 3 is perfectly suited for replanting in a colder zone. It will thrive there thanks to its genetic characteristics.

When choosing planting for a project, the winter hardiness of the plants is extremely important. By choosing species that match the zone in which the project is being created, it is possible to ensure that plants can withstand the minimum temperature in that area.

Winter hardiness map
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