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Ulmus 'Frontier'

Ulmus 'Frontier'

Frontier hybrid elm

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Description

Ulmus ‘Frontier’ (Frontier hybrid elm) was selected and marketed by the U.S. National Arboretum in Washington D.C. in 1991, as a hybrid cross between Ulmus parvifolia and Ulmus minor. Though there aren’t any old trees of this selection yet, in the United States they have indicated that the selection will grow into a medium-sized, upright pyramid-shaped tree around 12 metres tall and 9 metres wide. The Frontier hybrid elm has a good, continuous bough and an open crown with protruding branches, with the ends of the branches hanging down. This gives the cultivar an elegant appearance. 

In spring, the small, egg-shaped serrate leaves of the Ulmus ‘Frontier’ bud red and then turn a glossy dark green. The tree has autumn colours that are unique to the elm: a gradient of scarlet to red-violet. Ulmus ‘Frontier’ is the only elm that does not bloom in spring; instead, it blooms discrete, white-green racemes in September. After blooming, the tree produces small, winged, light green nuts. The ‘Frontier’ cultivar has light brown, furrowed bark. 

The ‘Frontier’ selection, resistant to elm diseases, is a valuable addition to the elm range and furthermore suitable for planting in highly urbanised conditions. Heat, drought, air pollution, pavement and salt spray: the strong climate tree can handle it all. The cultivar can also handle wind very well, but due to its growing on its own roots, we do not recommend use in very open, windy locations. The Frontier hybrid elm thrives in every type of soil: from dry to wet and from acidic to alkaline. The easy grower can be used in streets and avenues and in squares and car parks. But the selection also does very well in parks, large gardens and along roads. Ulmus ‘Frontier’ requires less pruning than other elms, as the tree does not form any suckers and grows more slowly. For the best growth, plant the ‘Frontier’ hybrid elm in a sunny to partially shaded environment.

Types of planting

Tree types

standard trees climate trees shade trees

Topiary on stem

fval multi-stem umbrella fval espalier fval pleached

Use

Location

street avenue square car park / parking lot park central reservation large garden cemetery traffic areas, industrial zones

Pavement

none none open open sealed sealed

Planting concepts

climate planting solid planting prairie planting

Characteristics

Crown shape

pyramidal pyramidal

Crown structure

semi-open semi-open

Height

9 - 12 m

Width

5 - 8 m

Winter hardiness zone

5B - 9B

Aspects

Wind

tolerant to wind

Soil

loess sabulous clay peaty heavy clay light clay sand loamy soil all soils

Nutrient level

low in nutrients moderately rich in nutrients rich in nutrients

Soil moisture level

dry moist wet

Light requirements

sun partial shade

pH range

acidic neutral alkaline

Extreme environments

tolerant to salt spray tolerant to dryness tolerates air pollution tolerates heat resistant to dutch elm disease 5

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Order this plant? Or would you like further information about Ulmus 'Frontier'? Make an appointment for a detailed planting recommendation.
Call +31(0) 485 31 20 21 or email one of our advisors directly.
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Photos

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high-stem standard tree
Ulmus 'Frontier' standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Ulmus 'Frontier' standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Ulmus 'Frontier' standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Ulmus 'Frontier' standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Ulmus 'Frontier' standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Ulmus 'Frontier' standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Ulmus 'Frontier' standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Ulmus 'Frontier' standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Ulmus 'Frontier' standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Ulmus 'Frontier' standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Ulmus 'Frontier' standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Ulmus 'Frontier' standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Ulmus 'Frontier' standard tree
high-stem standard tree
Ulmus 'Frontier' standard tree
leaves leaves
Ulmus 'Frontier' leaves
leaves leaves
Ulmus 'Frontier' leaves
leaves leaves
Ulmus 'Frontier' leaves
leaves leaves
Ulmus 'Frontier' leaves
leaves leaves
Ulmus 'Frontier' leaves
autumn-leaves autumn leaves
Ulmus 'Frontier' autumn leaves
autumn-leaves autumn leaves
Ulmus 'Frontier' autumn leaves
autumn-leaves autumn leaves
Ulmus 'Frontier' autumn leaves
autumn-leaves autumn leaves
Ulmus 'Frontier' autumn leaves
autumn-leaves autumn leaves
Ulmus 'Frontier' autumn leaves
bark bark
Ulmus 'Frontier' bark
twigs twigs
Ulmus 'Frontier' twigs
twigs twigs
Ulmus 'Frontier' twigs

Flowers

Flowers

raceme discrete

Flower colour

green

Flowering period

September

Leaves

Leaf colour

buds red dark green

Leaves

deciduous ovate small polished rough serrate dentate

Autumn colour

scarlet red-violet

Fruits

Fruit colour

pale green

Fruits

winged small nut

Bark

Bark colour

pale brown

Bark

furrowed

Twigs

Twig colour

grey-brown

Twigs

bare vertical branches pendulous

Root system

Root system

deep extensive on own root

For and by green professionals

The TreeEbb is a platform for and by green professionals, in which we collect knowledge and experience from the sector and make this available for users. All the details and photos are free to use for non-commercial purposes. Want to share your tree knowledge? Send photographs and additional information to treeebb@ebben.nl

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Winter hardiness

A plant's winter hardiness is the coldest area in which it is frost-resistant. This is based on the average annual minimum temperature. Winter hardiness zones are thirteen different frost zones in steps of 5.5 degrees Celsius. This format is an international standard for the hardiness of plants. The zones in which the plant is frost-resistant are always included in the description of trees and other vegetation.

Winter hardiness is a genetic characteristic and is not influenced by the location in which the plant is cultivated. This means that a plant that has been cultivated for many years in winter-hardiness zone 6 but has a winter hardiness of 3 is perfectly suited for replanting in a colder zone. It will thrive there thanks to its genetic characteristics.

When choosing planting for a project, the winter hardiness of the plants is extremely important. By choosing species that match the zone in which the project is being created, it is possible to ensure that plants can withstand the minimum temperature in that area.

Winter hardiness map
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